History Legend of Surabaya - Indonesia

Folklore of East Java

Previously, in the vast sea of ​​frequent fights between sharks Sura with Crocodile. They fight just because of fighting over prey. Both are equally strong, equally deft, equally smart, equally fierce, and are equally greedy. Already many times they fight has never been anyone else winning or losing. Eventually they entered into an agreement.

"I'm tired of constantly fighting, Crocodile," said Sura fish.

"Me too, Sura. What should we do so that we no longer fight, "said Vera.

Sura Shark who already have rertcana to stop Fight with Crocodile immediately explained.

"To prevent a fight between us, we should divide the territory into two. I am able sepenuhnyadi in water and must find prey in the water, while you power on the mainland and prey must be located on the mainland. As the boundary between land and water, we set the limit, ie the place reached by sea water when the tide! "

"Whether I agree with that idea!" Said the Crocodile.

With the division of territory, it is no longer a fight between Sura and Crocodile. Both have agreed to honor their respective territories.

But one day, Shark find prey in the river Sura. This is done by stealth for Crocodiles do not know. At first it memarig not get caught. But one day Crocodile Shark caught doing this Sura. Of course, very angry seeing Crocodile Shark Sura breaking his promise.

"Hi Sura, why do you break the rules we agreed together? Why do you dare to enter the river which is the area of ​​mercy? "Asked Vera.

Shark Sura did not feel guilty calm. "I violated the agreement? Is not this river water.

Did not I tell that I was the ruler in the water? Well, this river is it is water, so it also includes areas mercy, "Shark said Sura.

"What? The river was' curry place on land, while the regional powers in the sea, meaning the river is an area of ​​my power! "Crocodile insisted.

"No way. I "do not ever tell you that in water only sea water, but river water," Shark said Sura.

"You're deliberately looking for trouble, Sura?"

"No! I think the reason is strong enough and I was in the right! "Said Sura.

"You deliberately outsmart me. I'm not as stupid as you think! "Said the crocodile was getting angry.

"I do not care you're stupid or smart, the important river water and sea water is my power!" Sura still do not want to lose.

"Then you really mean to lie to me? Thus our agreement null and void! Who has the most powerful force, he shall become the sole ruler! "Said the Crocodile.

"Fighting again, who fear!" Challenged Sura with middle.

Fierce fight between Sura and Crocodile Shark happen again. The battle this time more exciting and powerful. Hit each other and pouncing, biting and hitting each other. In an instant, the water around it became red with blood coming out from the wounds of both the animal. They continued to fight desperately with no break at all.

In this fierce battle, Crocodile Shark bites Sura get on base of its tail to the right. Furthermore, their tails are always forced to turn to the left. While fish is also tergigiut Sura until nearly severed tail and fish Sura returned to the ocean. Crocodiles have been satisfied to maintain the area.

The battle between Shark named Sura with Crocodile is very memorable in the hearts of the people of Surabaya. Hence, the name of Surabaya always been associated with this event. From this incident and then made the symbol of Surabaya Municipality is drawing sura fish and crocodiles.

However There is also a opinion comes from the word Surabaya Sura and Baya. Sura means Jaya Baya meant danger or safe, so Surabaya means survivors face the danger. The danger in question is attack Tar-tar soldiers who want to punish the King Java. Should Kertanegara convicted is because Kertanegara already been killed, then stormed by the army Jayakatwang Tar-tar. After defeating Jayakatwang people Tar-Tar seize property and dozens of beautiful girls to take to China. Raden Wijaya sepereti not bear this. With a sniper tactics, Raden Wijaya attack soldiers at the port of Tar-Tar Edge Galuh until they withdrew back to China.

Furthermore, from the days events Raden Wijaya victory is defined as the anniversary of Surabaya.

Surabaya seemed destined to continue in turmoil. On 10 november 1945 is proof of identity citizens of Surabaya that is the courage to face danger British and Dutch attacks.

At the present, fighting battles and ground water areas continues. At the time of the rainy season arrives sometimes flood control of the city of Surabaya. In the dry season sometimes tenpat-place pool of water into dry land. That Surabaya.

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Learning History Origin of Name Indonesia

A. Heritage History

1. Forms heritage

History is the Knowledge of All Events and Human actions in the past. All objects and traditions left by humans in the past was called as a relic of history. Its form is as follows:

• Vocal - That is all the story orally or in the words of the perpetrators or witnesses of historical events, among other forms of this vocal form of legend, myth, sage, fables, and other folklore.
• Writing - That is all kinds of written information about an historical event. This form of writing which include inscriptions, books, and other written documents.
• Object - Ie objects relics of the past. Historical legacies that shaped this body of work such as building equipment, buildings, monuments and other shapes.

2. Artefacts Prehistoric Period

Prehistoric Humans are humans who live in civilizations that are not familiar with writing. Their legacy in the form:

• Ax handheld, which stemmed from the time ax paliolitku (old stone age).
• Ax oval, namely the elliptical axes and pointy toes. This is a hatchet man of the era equipment Neolithic (stone age young).
• Stone jewelry, jewelry is a klaung, bracelets and rings.
• Menhir, which is big and tall stone building used as a marker or the Spirit's supernatural power.
• Nekara, which gendering is decorated carvings.
• Tools of bone and metal.
• Tools of bone and metal.
• Ancient paintings, the ancient paintings in the form of simple signs which are usually present in the cave.

3. Heritage Period History

Called the era of human history because it was familiar with writings that are then used as a reference in history. Human relics of that age in the form:

• Inscription
• Temple
• Palace
• Monument
• Mosque
• Museum

B. Origins of Place Names A

Origin of the Jakarta City Name.

In 1527, the Sultan of Demak Kingdom Fatahillah led the fleet attacked the Portuguese who occupied the Sunda Kelapa. On 22 June 1527 the Portuguese were defeated, during the reign of Demak was the name of Sunda Kelapa renamed Jayakarta, which means city of victory or triumph. Later in the Dutch colonial period in the form of a Batavia Jayakarta nam. But since the Proclamation of Independence on August 17, 1945 or Jakarta Jayakarta name was again used as a center of government. Until now renamed Jakarta still used every June 22, residents celebrate its anniversary, when the Portuguese defeated Demak and the name of Sunda Kelapa was replaced with the name White Rose.

Name Origin Bandung

Bandung of city is located in a plains surrounded by mountains. The town was bypassed by the River Citaru. As a result of lava and Mount Tangkuban Perahu, the river was clogged and formed a dam, weir preformance in many local languages ​​spoken word into Bandung. Next place it into a lake that requires a boat crossing fatherly, The boat was named Boat of Bandung because it has a specially characteristic of two small boats tied together to load passengers for more.

The place is becoming increasingly crowded due to its beauty. Regent Priangan lose it Wiranatkusummah II, attracted by the place and want to use it as the capital district. Old capital located on Krapyak (Now Dayeuh Conservatively) considered too keselatan and flooding. Since it is established as the Capital Priangan Bandung. Anniversary is celebrated every September 25.

C. Origin of Yogyakarta City Name

Divide Et impera Politikm Dutch make Mataram must sign the agreement Gianti. Its contents, Mataram was divided into two parts, namely the West submitted to Prince Ario Mangkubumi and eastern submitted Pakubowono III. Mangkubumi then holding the title Prince Sultan Hamengkubuwono I. By the retainer of the Palace, he is seen as the incarnation of Lord Vishnu in Sri Rama Knight attitude. In the epic Ramayana, Sri Rama is the King of the Kingdom of Ayodhya. Because it is appropriate that the Kingdom is called Ayodhya or Yodya. The hope for the kingdom Yodya secure, peaceful, peaceful. Ayodya name plus the "Karta" which means prosperous. At nam was also added the word "Sultanate" so that the pronunciation of Java into Ngayogyakarta. Subsequently the name into "Yogyakarta".

D. Name Origin of Surabaya City

Name of Surabaya is associated with a folklore in the area. frequently occur in ancient times a great fight between a shark and a crocodile named sura of the Java language is called Baya. Both are always fighting over prey. When they get bored with the constant fights happen while they're still hungry stomach, they make a deal together. Sura looking for food in areas of water and aged in the area of ​​land. They use as a barrier beach. After the deal the two animals are both wild and rough it can live both on mutual respect and peaceful and tranquil. Society in those days was very impressed with what the two animals were so named the place in Surabaya. They hope that peace and tranquility of the place can be maintained because of the attitude of mutual respect even in the next period and up to now. The name was still used. Coat of arms of cities and even then use the Fish and Crocodile. More Reading: Its Origin and Legend of Surabaya City

E. Keeping the Heritage Preservation

1. How to maintain the heritage

• No damage
• Building a heritage museum and put it into one
• Use as lesson material
• Restore and clean up of debris

2. Benefits of maintaining heritage

• Can be used as a source of knowledge
• Used as a tourist attraction
• Can be used as a national identity

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Features learned from the Dutch in the Law of the Sea

Of a number of island countries in the world, Indonesia is one of the largest-by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1992. Indonesia has 193 basis points and 92 outermost islands, which means there needs to be increased security based on international maritime law. Indonesia has a vast sea of ​​approximately 5.6 million km 2 with a coastline of 81,000 km. In addition, Indonesia is one of the 15 countries that have the largest EEZ.

Law of the Sea is one branch of international law that more experienced revolutionary changes over the past four decades. Marine legal experts who are well-known early pioneers came from the Netherlands, such as Hugo Grotius and Cornelis van Bijnkershoek. Even the first International Conference to discuss the territorial sea of ​​"codification conference" (13 March-12 April 1930) carried on in The Hague, under the auspices of the League of Nations. Although the Netherlands is a country that is smaller than the vast oceans of Indonesia is an archipelago, but the law of the sea held firmly by the Dutch.

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982) gave birth to eight zoning pegaturan (regime) law of the sea, namely, 1. Inland waters (internal waters).
2. Archipelagic waters (waters Archiplegic) termasuki into it strait used for international shipping.
3. Territorial sea (Territorial Waters).
4. Additional zones (Contingous waters).
5. Exclusive economic zone (Exclusif economic zone)
6. Continental Shelf (Continental Shelf)
7. High seas (high seas)
8. The international seabed area (the International Sea-bed area).

With this arrangement the eight zoning Indonesia can be said to have a lot of water rights that must be implemented by law. This means there needs to be strengthened law of the sea so that sea of ​​Indonesia is not seen by the eyes of other countries. For that Indonesia needs to go into law of the sea because Indonesia is an archipelago with a vast ocean. The Netherlands is a country steeped in maritime law for the privilege of legal luminaries originator of the sea as well as various rules and terms contained therein.

One case that is highly regarded by the international community in the context of security or at sea is piracy. Netherlands in 2009 successfully prosecute 5 Somali pirates in the Court of Rotterdam. But when the ship was hijacked Holy Light, Indonesia could not act legally given the many considerations to think. Indonesia needs to learn from the firmness of the Netherlands in international marine law enforcement. Therefore, increased collaboration Indonesia - Dutch marine enforcement needs to be increased again to the implementation of maritime law in Indonesia can be run well.

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Basics of Education in Indonesia

DEFINITION OF EDUCATION

Langeveld

Education is every Business, effect, protection and assistance provided to children are upon the maturation of the child, or rather to help children to be proficient enough task his own life. The influence came from an adult (or created by adults such as school books, the daily round of life, and so on) and addressed to minors.

John Dewey

Education is the process of forming fundamental skills intellectually and emotionally toward nature and fellow human beings.

J.J. Rousseau

Education is giving us supplies that do not exist in childhood, but we need it on into adulthood.

Carter V.Good

a. Pedagogy is the art, practice, or profession of teaching.

b. The systematized learning or instruction Concerning principles and methods of teaching and of student control and guidance; largely replaced by the term education.

Education is to:

a. Art, Practice, or Teaching Profession.

b. Systematic knowledge or teaching related to the principles and methods of teaching, supervision and guidance of students; in the broad sense is replaced by the term education.

Ki Hajar Dewantara

Education is the growing demands in the lives of children, while the mean, education is leading all the forces of nature that exist in children, and that they as a people and as members of the public safety and the happiness it can be reached as high.

According to Law No. 2 of 1989

Education is a conscious effort to prepare students through mentoring, teaching, and or training for their role in the future.

According to Law. 20 of 2003

Education is a conscious and deliberate effort to create an atmosphere of learning and the learning process so that learners are actively developing the potential for him to have the spiritual strength keagamaaan, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, as well as the skills needed themselves, society, nation and state.

EDUCATIONAL FACTORS

Objective factors

In the Act No. 2 of 1989 clearly stated goal of National Education, which is "Feeding the life of the nation and develop a complete Indonesian man, the man who is faithful and righteous to God Almighty and noble character, has the knowledge and skills, physical and spiritual health , mantab and independent personality and a sense of community and national responsibility. "

Real factor for the purpose of education is:

• As the Direction of Education, the goal will indicate the direction of a business, while the show way to go from the present situation to the next situation.
• Goal as the end point, a business must have a beginning and an end. Maybe there was an attempt to stop because something is a failure to achieve the goal, but the effort can not be said to be over. In general, an attempt is said to terminate if the goal has finally been reached.
• Objectives as a starting point to achieve other goals, if the goal is the end point of the business, then this is the basic starting point, in the sense that it is the fundamental basis of the beginning of each business base.
• Giving value to the work done

Educators Factor

Educators are the people who bear the responsibility to Educate.

Dwi Nugroho Hidayanto, an inventory that includes the Understanding of Educators:

a. Adult

b. Parents

c. Teacher

d. Community leaders

e. Religious Leaders

Characteristics that must be possessed of educators in the task of educating, which is

• Maturity of a stable self, understanding self, self, and have human values.
• Stable social maturity, have sufficient knowledge about the community, and have the capacity to foster cooperation with others.
• Professional maturity (the ability to educate), which is paying attention and love the attitude of students as well as having enough knowledge about the background of the students and their development, have proficiency in the use the ways of educating.

Teacher Quality Criteria are Needed in Education :

• Teacher as a Planner
• Teacher as the Initiator
• Teacher as a Motivator
• The Teacher as Observer
• Teacher as a Motivator
• Teachers as Antisifator
• Teacher as a Model
• Teacher as Evaluator
• Teacher as a Friend to Explore with their Students
• Promoter so that Children become true learners

Factor Learners

Students is any person who receives the influence of a person or group of people who run educational activities. Being in the narrow sense of the students are children (immature person) is left to the responsibility of educators. One sign that a person has learned is that there is a change in her behavior. Thus, the study seeks to bring children who initially completely helpless, almost the whole of his life relying on others, to the adult level, the circumstances in which the child is able to stand alone and be responsible for themselves, individually, socially and decency.

Factors Educational Tool

Good Teaching is primarily educational tool. Education is a factor of educational tools that are made available and used for achieving the desired educational goals.

Judging from his form, an educational tool can be:

• Educating actions (called software) includes advice, example, prohibitions, commands, praise, reproof, threats, and punishment.
• Objects as a tool (called hardware); includes tables and chairs, study, whiteboard, erasers, chalk, overhead projector, and so forth.

Environmental Factors

Basically the environment include:

• Place (Physical Environment), climatic conditions, soil conditions, natural state.
• Culture (Cultural Environment), with a particular cultural heritage of language, art, economics, science, philosophy of life, religious.
• Groups live together (Social Environment or Community) families, play groups, village associations.

By Ki Hajar Dewantara educational environment include family environment, school environment, and environmental youth organization, which he called the Tri Education Center.

• Family Environment (Primary Community)

Family Education Work:

A. As a first experience of childhood.

• Ensure the child's emotional life
• Instilling basic moral education.
• Provide basic social education
• Laid the foundations of religious education for children.

B. School Environment

Not all tasks can be executed by educating parents in the family, especially in terms of science and a wide range of skills. Because if judging from the historical development of the teaching profession, teaching is really the task of the delegation of the duties of a parent unable to provide the knowledge, skills and attitudes in accordance with the times.

School Functions Include:

• Schools help parents do a good habits and instill good moral character.
• Schools provide education for life in society are difficult or can not be given at home.
• School trains children acquire skills such as reading, writing, arithmetic, drawing and other sciences that are developing intelligence and knowledge.
• Ethics lessons given in schools, religious, aesthetic, moral distinguish
• Maintain cultural heritage living in the community by delivering cultural heritage to the younger generation, in this course students.

C. Environmental Youth Organization

The role of youth organizations in particular are seeking the development of socialization young life. Through a youth organization developed a kind of social awareness, skills in association with his fellow comrades (Social Skills) and the right attitude in relationships with fellow human beings (Social Attitude).

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